Scripts don't scale; they give you scriptitis

Have you ever had to wait for an “automated” process to unblock you that took hours? Did this process use a pipeline and a bunch of scripts underneath to “get the job done”? Welcome to a new chronic disease of modern enterprises, what I call scriptitis.

Glue language

The concept of script languages first appeared in the 1960’s, when computers began to shift from the batch processing to the time sharing model. That allowed users to interact (gasp!) with the machine without the need to create a big-bang workflow and pray it’d work end-to-end.

This new interactive style paved the way for small components that solve a specific problem to arise. Users then were able to connect or “pipe” them to get the result in a specific format, or send to another tool for further processing. Such way-of-working led to the Unix Philosophy and the GNU tools that are commonplace nowadays.

The goal of script languages is to glue such components. They help connect tools and solutions without an expensive or complicated code. The downside should be clear: they lack stronger interfaces and data contracts. Changes on any of the chained elements aren’t easy to check to ensure compatibility, and troubleshooting script output is far from great.

For such reasons, they’re are also known as glue code or glue languages.

Glueing glue

What happens when someone overuses glue? They end up submerging the objects they were trying to glue and lose sight of them. When the glue dries up they have a new, disfigured object. This new “thing” then is the one that needs most maintenance or worse, glueing elsewhere.

In case my analogy didn’t hammer home my point, scripts are fine as long as they’re:

kept simple and solve one problem well

short and sweet (worst case: hundreds of lines of code, less than 1k)

do something the users can locally do without it, but is faster/easier

don’t become a dependency of another system

They turn into a system of its own when they overstay their welcome. You then have to maintain a new shiny system written with glue instead of a strongly-typed and testable programming language.

⚠️ testing scripts

There’s testing solutions for scripts as well, such as BATS for Bash and Pester for PowerShell. They are hacks at best, and you won’t see them around for any vanilla use case of scripts.

Those tools serve for nothing but prove my point that scripts aren’t meant to write systems. Yet you see this kind of tooling appear due to the untreated scriptitis in the IT industry.

Drawing a line in the sand

How to separate useful from harmful glue? Here’s some good uses for scripts:

chaining tools into custom commands used during manual operations

small functions to solve minor inconveniences (Bash join anyone?)

wrappers of more complex commands to simplify or isolate one use case

auto-completion definitions (decent tools even generate those for you)

throwaway prototypes and PoCs of future, properly coded solutions

host configuration (specially when tapping OS-specific settings)

Anything beyond these use cases are at the verge of becoming its own system.

What about pipelines/CI/CD?

All pipeline/automation solutions I’ve seen so far have an option to run scripts such as shells or Python. Those are fine as long as the scripts they use are the same the developers use locally. If your pipeline has its own scripting separate from the developer code then I feel sorry for you: you have an anti-pattern.

Programming in a pipeline to do something that the user cannot do locally is the prime excuse from security advocates to do all sorts of compliance checks. Those solutions rely on roadblocks such as merge/pull requests and branch policies to enforce them at the wrong place. This leads to yet another set of anti-patterns, namely continuous isolation and CI theatre. Those are extensive topics I’ll save for another day.

The bottom line is: Pipeline’s broken? Uh oh, time to switch context from the main solution code to troubleshoot the pipeline code. Split brain right there. Then you realize you need an external team to change the templates as you don’t have the rights to update them…

Script ambivalence

Don’t get me wrong: I love scripting languages. I use them for common tasks on both personal and work environments. My teammates at some point get used to see a wild Makefile that appears on each repository I ever touch. Another good example is how I use chezmoi to deploy preference files and run dozens scripts for the “last mile” setup on my machines.

Anything beyond that becomes the DevOps-certified ™️ version of spaghetti code. Script A uses script B/tool C, cleverly glued together in a pipeline more often than not. It commonly requires secrets or dependencies non-reproducible locally as well. Why? Because that’s what “continuous integration” is all about, right? A castle of cards that no one dares to touch unless it breaks.

Glue replacement

What’s the alternative then? Software engineering using a strong typed and preferably compiled language. Those allow developers to better provide and interact with distinct solution APIs. It also doubles down to create a decoupled internal architecture where solutions communicate based on known data contracts.

A case in point is your cloud provider of preference. You’ll notice that all services they provide to you have an API. Sure, you also have a graphical portal as well, which relies on the API to relay your requests. Infrastructure code also depends on these APIs to make the magic happen. Why don’t they provide you “scripts” to get this done instead?

📌 cloud vendor scripts ™️

Matter of fact cloud service vendors do provide you scripts to interact with their APIs. The big three (AWS, GCP, Azure) for instance have their official CLI tools written in Python. Then people go and make all sorts of atrocities in pipelines with it. 😰

From a developer perspective, most of those CLI tools rely on generated code from the API specs and are as mechanical as they can get. They have tests, yet simple fixes face a bumpy road and take its sweet time to get through due to how the test becomes the problem.

A clean architecture won’t take more time than any thousand-line-sized script. The trade off is where the speed slope is: scripts are faster to create and slow to maintain, while a proper application is slower to create and faster to test and thus change.

Companies that rely on such “system scripts” waste plenty of engineering potential. One hour of a glued pipeline execution siphons at least one engineer time that could’ve been better invested elsewhere. And even if not, it’d at least avoid the deadline snowball.

📝 Edit

Removed GIFs. That was an experiment and it didn’t sit well with my audience.